SAMIR  AMIN 

                             Scholar / Commentator

                                             Author:

                                    Eurocentrism

                                                  &

                             CORNEL  WEST Ph.D

                             Scholar / Commentator               

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

More About:  SAMIR AMIN & CORNEL WEST Ph.D

Biography

Amin was born in Cairo, the son of an Egyptian father and a French mother (both medical

doctors). He spent his childhood and youth in Port Said; there he attended a French High

School, leaving in 1947 with a Baccalauréat. From 1947 to 1957 he studied in Paris, gaining a

diploma in political science (1952) before graduating in statistics (1956) and economics (1957).

In his autobiography Itinéraire intellectuel (1990) he wrote that in order to spend substantial

time in "militant action" he could devote only a minimum of work preparing for university

exams.

Arriving in Paris, Amin joined the French Communist Party (PCF), but he later distanced himself

from Soviet Marxism and associated for some time with Maoist circles. He also published with

other students a magazine, Étudiants Anticolonialistes. In 1957 he presented his thesis, supervised

by François Perroux among others, originally titled The origins of underdevelopment - capitalist

accumulation on a world scale but retitled The structural effects of the international integration

of precapitalist economies. A theoretical study of the mechanism which creates so-called

underdeveloped economies.

After finishing his thesis, Amin went back to Cairo, where he was from 1957 to 1960 research

officer at the government "Institution for Economic Management". Subsequently Amin left

Cairo, to become advisor in the Ministry of Planning in Bamako (Mali) from 1960 to 1963. In

1963 he was offered a fellowship at the Institut Africain de Développement Économique et de

Planification (IDEP). Until 1970 he worked there as well as being a professor at the university

of Poitiers, Dakar and Paris (of Paris VIII, Vincennes). In 1970 he became director of the IDEP,

which he managed until 1980. In 1980 Amin left the IDEP and became a director of the Third

World Forum in Dakar.

Work

He has written more than 30 books including Imperialism & Unequal Development, Specters

of Capitalism: A Critique of Current Intellectual Fashions, Obsolescent Capitalism: Contemporary

Politics and Global Disorder and The Liberal Virus. His memoirs were published in October 2006.

For Samir Amin (1997), ascent and decline is largely being determined in our age by the following

‘five monopolies’

1. the monopoly of technology, supported by military expenditures of the dominant nations
2. the monopoly of control over global finances and a strong position in the hierarchy of
3. current account balances
4. the monopoly of access to natural resources
5. the monopoly over international communication and the media
6. the monopoly of the military means of mass destruction

Performance over the last teaches us an important lesson about the evolving mechanisms of the

future Kondratieff cycle, that began in the mid-1980’s. Let us recall, that for dependency and

world system theory in the tradition of Samir Amin (1975), there are four main characteristics of

the peripheral societal formation:

• the predominance of agrarian capitalism in the ‘national’ sector
• the formation of a local bourgeoisie, which is dependent from foreign capital, especially in
• the trading sector
• the tendency of bureaucratization
• specific and incomplete forms of proletarization of the labor force

In partial accordance with liberal thought, (i) and (iii) explain the tendency towards low savings;

thus there will be

• huge state sector deficits and, in addition, their ‘twin’
• chronic current account balance deficits

In the peripheral countries. High imports of the periphery, and hence, in the long run, capital

imports, are the consequence of the already existing structural deformations of the role of

peripheries in the world system, namely by

• rapid urbanization, combined with an insufficient local production of food
• excessive expenditures of the local bureaucracies
• changes in income distribution to the benefit of the local elites (demonstration effects)
• insufficient growth of and structural imbalances in the industrial sector
• and the following reliance on foreign assistance

The history of periphery capitalism, Amin argues, is full of short-term ‘miracles’ and long-term

blocks, stagnation and even regression.

Publications by Samir Amin

• 1957, Les effets structurels de l’intégration internationale des économies précapitalistes. Une
• étude théorique du mécanisme qui a engendré les éonomies dites sous-développées (thesis)
• 1964, L’Egypte nassérienne
• 1965, Trois expériences africaines de développement: le Mali, la Guinée et le Ghana
• 1966, L’économie du Maghreb, 2 vols.
• 1967, Le développement du capitalisme en Côte d’Ivoire
• 1969, Le monde des affaires sénégalais
• 1969, The Class struggle in Africa
• 1970, Le Maghreb moderne (translation: The Magrheb in the Modern World)
• 1970, L’accumulation à l’échelle mondiale (translation: Accumulation on a world scale)
• 1970, with C. Coquery-Vidrovitch, Histoire économique du Congo 1880-1968
• 1971, L’Afrique de l’Ouest bloquée
• 1973, Le développement inégal (translation: Unequal development)
• 1973, L’échange inégal et la loi de la valeur
• 1973, Neocolonialism in West Africa
• 1973, 'Le developpement inegal. Essai sur les formations sociales du capitalisme peripherique'
• Paris: Editions de Minuit.
• 1973, L’échange inégal et la loi de la valeur
• 1974, with K. Vergopoulos): La question paysanne et le capitalisme
• 1975, with A. Faire, M. Hussein and G. Massiah): La crise de l‘impérialisme
• 1976, ‘Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral Capitalism’
• New York: Monthly Review Press.
• 1976, L’impérialisme et le développement inégal (translation: Imperialism and unequal
• development)
• 1976, La nation arabe (translation: The Arab Nation)
• 1977, La loi de la valeur et le matérialisme historique (translation: The law of value and
• historical materialism)
• 1979, Classe et nation dans l’histoire et la crise contemporaine (translation: Class and nation,
• historically and in the current crisis)
• 1980, L’économie arabe contemporaine (translation: The Arab economy today)
• 1981, L’avenir du Maoïsme (translation: The Future of Maoism)
• 1982, Irak et Syrie 1960 - 1980
• 1982, with G. Arrighi, A. G. Frank and I. Wallerstein): La crise, quelle crise? (translation:
• Crisis, what crisis?)
• 1984, 'Was kommt nach der Neuen Internationalen Wirtschaftsordnung? Die Zukunft der
• Weltwirtschaft' in 'Rote Markierungen International' (Fischer H. and Jankowitsch P. (Eds.)),
• pp. 89 - 110, Vienna: Europaverlag.
• 1984, Transforming the world-economy? : nine critical essays on the new international
• economic order.
• 1985, La déconnexion (translation: Delinking: towards a polycentric world)
• 1988, Impérialisme et sous-développement en Afrique (expanded edition of 1976)
• 1988, L’eurocentrisme (translation: Eurocentrism)
• 1988, with F. Yachir): La Méditerranée dans le système mondial
• 1989, La faillite du développement en Afrique et dans le tiers monde]
• 1990, Transforming the revolution: social movements and the world system
• 1990, Itinéraire intellectual; regards sur le demi-siecle 1945-90 (translation: Re-reading the
• post-war period: an Intellectual Itinerary)
• 1991, L’Empire du chaos (translation: Empire of chaos)
• 1991, Les enjeux stratégiques en Méditerranée
• 1991, with G. Arrighi, A. G. Frank et I. Wallerstein): Le grand tumulte
• 1992, 'Empire of Chaos' New York: Monthly Review Press.
• 1994, L’Ethnie à l’assaut des nations
• 1995, La gestion capitaliste de la crise
• 1996, Les défis de la mondialisation
• 1997, ‘Die Zukunft des Weltsystems. Herausforderungen der Globalisierung. Herausgegeben
• und aus dem Franzoesischen uebersetzt von Joachim Wilke’ Hamburg: VSA.
• 1997, Critique de l’air du temps
• 1999, "Judaism, Christianity and Islam: An Introductory Approach to their Real or Supposed
• Specificities by a Non-Theologian" in "Global capitalism, liberation theology, and the social
• sciences: An analysis of the contradictions of modernity at the turn of the millennium"
• (Andreas Mueller, Arno Tausch and Paul Zulehner (Eds.)), Nova Science Publishers,
• Haupauge, Commack, New York
• 1999, Spectres of capitalism: a critique of current intellectual fashions
• 2000, L’hégémonisme des États-Unis et l’effacement du projet européen
• 2002, Mondialisation, comprehendre pour agir
• 2003, Obsolescent Capitalism
• 2004, The Liberal Virus: Permanent War and the Americanization of the World
• 2005 with Ali El Kenz, Europe and the Arab world; patterns and prospects for the new
• relationship
• 2006, Beyond US Hegemony: Assessing the Prospects for a Multipolar World
• 2008 with James Membrez , The World We Wish to See: Revolutionary Objectives in the
• Twenty-First Century

Writings about Samir Amin

• Aidan Forster-Carter: The Empirical Samir Amin, in S. Amin: The Arab Economy Today,
• London 1982, pp. 1 - 40
• Duru Tobi: On Amin’s Concepts - autocentric/ blocked development in Historical
• Perspectives, in: Economic Papers (Warsaw), Nr. 15, 1987, pp. 143 - 163
• Fouhad Nohra: Théories du capitalisme mondial. Paris 1997
• Gerald M. Meier, Dudley Seers (eds.): Pioneers in Development. Oxford 1984

 External links

Some writings by Samir Amin available on-line

• The American Ideology [1]
• Third World Forum: An Interview with Samir Amin
• http://www.zmag.org/zmag/viewArticle/13656]
• Imperialism and Globalization [2]
• Empire of Chaos Challenged: An Interview with Samir Amin [3]
• Maldevelopment: Anatomy of a Global Failure [4]
• U.S. Imperialism, Europe, and the Middle East [5]
• India, a Great Power? [6]
• Imperialism and Globalization [7]
• World Poverty, Pauperization & Capital Accumulation
• [8]
• U.S. Hegemony and the Response to Terror [9]
• Empire and Multitude [10]
• A Note on the Death of André Gunder Frank (1929-2005) [11]
• The Political Economy of the Twentieth Century [12]
• Africa: Living on the Fringe [13]
• Samir Amin: The New Challenge of the Peoples’ Internationalism [14]

Critical review

• A review of Samir Amin's Re-reading the Postwar Period: An Intellectual Itinerary
• http://home.flash.net/~comvoice/12cAmin.html

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samir_Amin"

Categories: Marxist economists | 1931 births | Living people | Egyptian writers | Political writers

| Economists | Development economics | Egyptian scientists | Geopoliticians | International

relations theory | Theories of history | Sociocultural evolution | Egyptian socialists | World system

scholars

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Cornel West

Cornel Ronald West (born June 2, 1953) is an American philosopher, author, critic, pastor,

actor, and civil rights activist. West currently serves as the Class of 1943 University Professor

at Princeton University, where he teaches in the Center for African American Studies and in

the department of Religion.

West is known for his combination of political and moral insight and criticism, and his

contribution to the post-1960s civil rights movement. The bulk of his work focuses upon

the role of race, gender, and class in American society and the means by which people act

and react to their “radical conditionedness." West draws intellectual contributions from

such diverse traditions as the African American Baptist Church, pragmatism and

transcendentalism.^[1]

[edit] Biography

West was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma.^[2] and raised in Sacramento, where his father was a

general contractor for the Defense Department and his mother was a teacher, later to

become a principal.^[3] West marched as a young man in civil rights demonstrations and

organized protests demanding black studies courses at his high school. He later wrote that,

in his youth, he admired "the sincere black militancy of Malcolm X, the defiant rage of the

Black Panther Party [...] and the livid black theology of James Cone."^[4] After Sacramento,

where he served as president of his high school class, he enrolled at Harvard University at age

17. He took classes from philosophers Robert Nozick and Stanley Cavell and graduated in

three years, magna cum laude in Near Eastern Languages and Civilization in 1973. He was

determined to press the university and its intellectual traditions into the service of his political

agendas and not the other way around: to have its educational agendas imposed on him. "Owing

to my family, church, and the black social movements of the 1960s", he says, "I arrived at

Harvard unashamed of my African, Christian, and militant de-colonized outlooks. More

pointedly, I acknowledged and accented the empowerment of my black styles, mannerisms,

and viewpoints, my Christian values of service, love, humility, and struggle, and my anti-colonial

sense of self-determination for oppressed people and nations around the world."

He earned a Ph.D. in 1980 from Princeton, where he was influenced by Richard Rorty's

pragmatism. The title of his dissertation was The Ethical Dimensions of Marxist Thought.

In his mid-twenties, he returned to Harvard as a Du Bois fellow before becoming an assistant

professor at Union Theological Seminary in New York City. In 1985 he went to Yale Divinity

School in what eventually became a joint appointment in American studies. While at Yale, he

participated in campus protests for a clerical union and divestment from apartheid South Africa,

one of which resulted in his being arrested and jailed. As punishment, the university

administration cancelled his leave for Spring 1987, leading him to commute between Yale

(where he was teaching two classes) and the University of Paris.

He then returned to Union and taught at Haverford College for one year before going to

Princeton to become a professor of religion and director of the Program in African American

Studies, which he revitalized in cooperation with such scholars as novelist Toni Morrison.

He served as director of the program from 1988 to 1994.

He then accepted an appointment as professor of African-American studies at Harvard

University, with a joint appointment at the Harvard Divinity School. West taught one of

the university's most popular courses, an introductory class on African-American studies.

In 1998 he was appointed the first Alphonse Fletcher University Professor. West used this

freedom to teach not only in African-American studies but in divinity, religion, and in

philosophy.

In 2001, after a verbal fisticuffs with Harvard president Lawrence Summers, West returned

to Princeton, where he has taught since.^[5]

The recipient of more than 20 honorary degrees and an American Book Award,^[1] he is a

longtime member of the Democratic Socialists of America, for which he now serves as

Honorary Chair. He is also a co-chair of the Tikkun Community and the Network of

Spiritual Progressives. West is a board member of the International Bridges to Justice,

among others. West is also much sought-after as a speaker, blurb-writer, and honorary chair.

Critics, most notably The New Republic literary editor Leon Wieseltier, have charged him with opportunism, crass

showmanship and lack of scholarly

seriousness.

West remains a widely cited scholar in the popular press, in African-American studies, and in studies of black

theology, although his work as an academic philosopher has been almost completely ignored (with the exception of his

early history of American pragmatism, The American Evasion of Philosophy).

West is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha, the first intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity established for African-Americans.

He is a member of the fraternity's World Policy Council, a think tank whose purpose is to expand Alpha Phi Alpha's

involvement in politics and social and current policy to encompass international concerns.^[6]

[edit] Dispute with Lawrence Summers

In 2000, economist and former U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers became president of Harvard. In a private

meeting with West, Summers allegedly rebuked West for missing too many classes, contributing to grade inflation,

neglecting serious scholarship, and spending too much time on his economically profitable projects.^[7] Summers allegedly

suggested that West produce an academic book befitting his professorial position. West had written several books, some

of them widely cited, but his recent output consisted primarily of co-written and edited volumes. According to some

reports, Summers also objected to West's production of a CD, the critically panned Sketches of My Culture, and to his

political campaigning.^[8] According to West's book Democracy Matters, Summers wrongly accused him of canceling

classes for three straight weeks during 2000 to promote Bill Bradley's presidential campaign. West contends that he had

missed one class during his tenure at Harvard "in order to give a keynote address at a Harvard-sponsored conference on

AIDS." Lawrence Summers also allegedly suggested that since West held the rank of University Professor and thus

reported directly to the President, he should meet with Summers regularly to discuss the progress of his academic

production.^[9]

West contends that popular coverage of the controversy obscured the true issues at stake in his dispute with Summers.

West argues that Summers's vision of academia is corrosive to a deep democratic commitment that strives to interconnect

the academy with society at large, so as to fulfill its calling to educate the public. He contends that the controversy with

Summers was indicative of the fact that "a market-driven technocratic culture has infiltrated university life, with the

narrow pursuit of academic trophies and the business of generating income from grants and business partnerships taking

precedence over the fundamental responsibility of nurturing young minds." ^[10] According to West, despite the fact that

West was highly regarded in the academic community, was already tenured at Harvard, Princeton and Yale, "had more

academic references than fourteen of the other seventeen Harvard University Professors", and "had nearly twice as many

such references as Summers himself",^[11] At the time, West had been focused on reaching wider audiences as part of his

effort to encourage civic engagement- especially amongst youth - in the hope of revitalizing a deep democratic

commitment that would counteract the encroaching political nihilism that he argues threatens the future of American

democracy. While West doesn't deny the importance of academics engaging the more specialized concerns of their fields,

he strongly opposes the sentiment that academia must limit itself to those rarefied interests. Academia and academics

have an important role to play in promoting public discourse that cannot be achieved if professors lock themselves in

their ivory towers instead of engaging society-at-large and the salient issues of the day. Ultimately, this was the root of

the quarrel, according to West.^[10]

Summers refused to comment on the details of his conversation with West, except to express hope that West would

remain at Harvard. Soon after, West was hospitalized for prostate cancer. West complained that Summers failed to

send him get-well wishes until weeks after his surgery, whereas newly installed Princeton president Shirley Tilghman

had contacted him frequently before and after his treatment.^[9] In 2002 West left Harvard University to return to

Princeton. West lashed out at Summers in public interviews, calling him "the Ariel Sharon of higher education" on

NPR's Tavis Smiley Show. ^[12]

[edit] Views on race in America

West has branded the U.S. a "racist patriarchal" nation where "white supremacy" continues to define everyday life.

"White America," he writes, "has been historically weak-willed in ensuring racial justice and has continued to resist

fully accepting the humanity of blacks." This has resulted, he claims, in the creation of many "degraded and oppressed

people [who are] hungry for identity, meaning, and self-worth." Professor West attributes most of the black

community's problems to "existential angst derive[d] from the lived experience of ontological wounds and emotional

scars inflicted by white supremacist beliefs and images permeating U.S. society and culture."^[13]

In West's view, the September 11, 2001 attacks gave white Americans a glimpse of what it means to be a black person

in the United States—feeling "unsafe, unprotected, subject to random violence, and hatred" for who they are.^[14] "The

ugly terrorist attacks on innocent civilians on 9/11," he said, "plunged the whole country into the blues."^[14]

[edit] Politics

West describes himself as a "non-Marxist socialist" (partly due to Marx's opposition to religion) and serves as honorary

chair of the Democratic Socialists of America, which he has described as "the first multiracial, socialist organization close

enough to my politics that I could join". He also described himself as a "radical democrat, suspicious of all forms of

authority" on the Matrix-themed documentary The Burly Man Chronicles (Found in The Ultimate Matrix Collection).

West has made plain^[when?] his opposition to the war in Iraq. He asserts that Bush Administration hawks "are not

simply conservative elites and right-wing ideologues", but rather are "evangelical nihilists — drunk with power and

driven by grand delusions of American domination of the world". He adds, "We are experiencing the sad gangsterization

of America, an unbridled grasp at power, wealth and status." Viewing capitalism as the root cause of these alleged

American lusts, West warns, "Free-market fundamentalism trivializes the concern for public interest. It puts fear and

insecurity in the hearts of anxiety-ridden workers. It also makes money-driven, poll-obsessed elected officials deferential

to corporate goals of profit — often at the cost of the common good."^{[citation needed]} West has been involved with

such projects as the Million Man March and Russell Simmons's Hip-Hop Summit, and worked with such public figures

as Louis Farrakhan^[2] and Al Sharpton, whose 2004 presidential campaign West advised.

In 2000 West worked as a senior advisor to Democratic presidential candidate Bill Bradley. When Bradley lost in the

primaries, West became a prominent endorser of Ralph Nader, even speaking at some Nader rallies. Some Greens

sought to draft West to run as a presidential candidate in 2004. West declined, citing his active participation in the

Al Sharpton campaign. West, along with other prominent Nader 2000 supporters, signed the "Vote to Stop Bush"

statement urging progressive voters in swing states to vote for John Kerry, despite strong disagreements with many of

Kerry's policies.

In April 2002 West and Rabbi Michael Lerner performed civil disobedience^{[clarification needed]} at the U.S. State

Department "in solidarity with suffering Palestinian and Israeli brothers and sisters". West said, "We must keep in

touch with the humanity of both sides."^[15] In May 2007 West joined a demonstration against "injustices faced by

the Palestinian people resulting from the Israeli occupation" and "to bring attention to this 40 year travesty of justice".

Cornel West publicly supported 2008 Democratic Presidential candidate Senator Barack Obama. He spoke to over

1,000 of his supporters at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, NYC on November 29, 2007.^[16]

West also serves as co-chair of the Tikkun Community. He co-chaired the National Parenting Organization's Task

Force on Parent Empowerment and participated in President Clinton's National Conversation on Race. He has publicly

endorsed In These Times magazine by calling it: "The most creative and challenging newsmagazine of the American

left". He is also a contributing editor for Sojourners Magazine.

West is noted for his support of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) in its Kentucky Fried Cruelty

campaign, aimed at eliminating what PETA describes as KFC's inhumane treatment of chickens. West is quoted on

PETA flyers: "Although most people don't know chickens as well as they know cats and dogs, chickens are interesting

individuals with personalities and interests every bit as developed as the dogs and cats with whom many of us share our

lives."

In 2008, West contributed his insights on the current global issue of modernized slavery and human trafficking in the

rockumentary

Call+Response.[1]

[edit] Popular culture

West appears in both The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions. He plays Councilor West, one of the elders

who serves on the council of Zion. West's character advises that "comprehension is not a requisite of cooperation."

In addition, West provides philosophical commentary on all three Matrix films in The Ultimate Matrix Collection,

along with integral theorist Ken Wilber. West also made multiple appearances on the popular political show Real

Time with Bill Maher.^{[17][18][19][20][21]} West was also featured on Starbucks Coffee Cups with The Way I See It

#284 quoted, "You can't lead the people if you don't love the people. You can't save the people, if you don't serve

the people."

In Anna Deavere Smith's work Twilight: Los Angeles 1992, she briefly delivers a speech in the style and words of West.

In the 2008 film Examined Life, a documentary featuring several noted academics discussing philosophy in real-world

contexts, Cornel says, "driving through Manhattan, . . . compares philosophy to jazz and blues, reminding us how

intense and invigorating a life of the mind can be."^[22]

Rapper Lupe Fiasco mentions West in his song 'Just Might Be OK' from his album Food & Liquor with the line 'I

ain't Cornel West, I am Cornel Westside, Chi-town Guevara."

[edit] Published works

• Black Theology and Marxist Thought (1979)
• Prophesy Deliverance! An Afro-American Revolutionary Christianity (1982)
• Prophetic Fragments (1988)
• The American Evasion of Philosophy: A Genealogy of Pragmatism (1989)
• Breaking Bread: Insurgent Black Intellectual Life (with bell hooks, 1991)
• The Ethical Dimensions of Marxist Thought (1991)
• Beyond Eurocentrism and Multiculturalism (1993)
• Race Matters (1993)
• Keeping Faith: Philosophy and Race in America (1994)
• Jews and Blacks: A Dialogue on Race, Religion, and Culture in America (with rabbi Michael Lerner, 1995)
• The Future of the Race (with Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 1996)
• Restoring Hope: Conversations on the Future of Black America (Edited by Kelvin Shawn Sealey, 1997)
• The War Against Parents: What We Can Do For America's Beleaguered Moms and Dads (with Sylvia Ann Hewlett, 1998)
• The Future of American Progressivism (with Roberto Unger, 1998)
• The African-American Century: How Black Americans Have Shaped Our Century (with Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 2000)
• Cornel West: A Critical Reader (George Yancy, editor) (2001)
• Democracy Matters: Winning the Fight Against Imperialism (2004)
• Commentary on The Matrix, Matrix Reloaded and Matrix Revolutions; see The Ultimate Matrix Collection (with
• en Wilber, 2004).
• Post-Analytic Philosophy, edited with John Rajchman.
• Hope On a Tightrope: Words & Wisdom (2008).

[edit] See also

• Black existentialism
• Africana philosophy
• List of African American philosophers

[edit] References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Cornel West". Pragmatism.org. http://www.pragmatism.org/library/west/. Retrieved 2008-01-21. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Elder, Robert (1998). "Prisoner of Hope". inFlux. University of Oregon School of Journalism and
3. Communication. http://influx.uoregon.edu/1998/west/index.html. Retrieved 2002-01-21. 
4. ^ Alim, Fahizah (4 June 1999). "Opening Doors: Irene West Gave Her All as a Teacher and Principal, Now, a
5. New School Honors Her Name and Hard Work". Sacramento Bee. 
6. ^ "The Cornel West Reader". http://books.google.com/books?id=Kk6ovUWs02AC&pg=
7. PA3&lpg=
8. PA3&dq=the+sincere+black+militancy+of+malcolm+x+the+
9. defiant+rage+of+the+black+panther+party+and+the+livid+black+theology+of+james+
10. cone&source=
11. web&ots=SIR0zpE0kB&sig=I2__XnlwLs2bpIwuLGB9DkGYwSg. Retrieved 2008-02-23. 
12. ^ Goldfarb, Zachary A. (2002-08-12). "West to leave Harvard to become University professor of religion". The Daily Princetonian (Daily Princetonian Publishing Company, Inc.). http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2002/04/12/news/4886.shtml. Retrieved 2008-01-21. 
13. ^ Dawson, Horace; Edward Brooke, Henry Ponder, Vinton R. Anderson, Bobby William Austin, Ron Dellums, Kenton Keith, Huel D. Perkins, Charles Rangel, Clathan McClain Ross, and Cornel West (July 2006) (PDF). The Centenary Report Of The Alpha Phi Alpha World Policy Council. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. http://www.alpha-phi-alpha.org/Resources/ImageFile/File/image/WPC06-WEB.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-28. 
14. ^ Associated Press (2002-01-10). "Who is Cornel West?". Cable News Network. http://archives.cnn.com/2002/fyi/teachers.ednews/01/10/west.harvard.ap/. Retrieved 2008-01-21. 
15. ^ Steinberg, Jacques (2001-11-29). "At Odds With Harvard President, Black-Studies Stars Eye Princeton". The New York Times (New York City, New York: The New York Times Company). http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F06E4D71F31F93AA15751C1A9679C8B63. Retrieved 2008-01-21. 
16. ^ ^{a b} Belluck, Pam; Jacques Steinberg (2002-04-16). "Defector Indignant at President of Harvard". The New York Times (New York City, New York: The New York Times Company). http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0DE6DB113CF935A25757C0A9649C8B63. Retrieved 2008-01-21. 
17. ^ ^{a b} Cornell West (2004). Democracy Matters. [Penguin Books]. 
18. ^ Cornell West (2004). Democracy Matters. [Penguin Books]. 
19. ^ http://www.npr.org/about/press/020415.cwest.html
20. ^ Cornel West, Race Matters, p. 27, 2001 edition, ISBN 978-0807009727
21. ^ ^{a b} Cornel West, Democracy Matters, p. 20, 2004, ISBN 0-14-303583-5
22. ^ Thoughts on Anti-Semitism
23. ^ Parker Aab, Stacy (2007-10-30). "Obama, Race, and the Right Side of History". The Huffington News (HuffingtonPost.com, Inc.). http://www.huffingtonpost.com/stacy-parker-aab/obama-race-and-the-righ_b_74871.html. Retrieved 2008-01-21. 
24. ^ ""Real Time with Bill Maher" Episode 36". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0683757/. Retrieved 2008-05-14. 
25. ^ ""Real Time with Bill Maher" Episode 49". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0683792/. Retrieved 2008-05-14. 
26. ^ ""Real Time with Bill Maher" Episode 78". http://www.hbo.com/billmaher/episode/2006_05_12_ep78.html. Retrieved 2008-05-14. 
27. ^ ""Real Time with Bill Maher" Episode 107". http://www.hbo.com/billmaher/episode/2007_09_07_ep107.html. Retrieved 2008-05-14. 
28. ^ ""Real Time with Bill Maher" Episode 128". http://www.hbo.com/billmaher/episode/2008_04_18_ep128.html. Retrieved 2008-05-14. 
29. ^ ""Examined Life (2008) - Plot Summary"". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1279083/plotsummary. 

• "Cornel Ronald West". Contemporary Black Biography, Volume 33. Edited by Ashyia Henderson. Gale Group, 2002. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: The Gale Group. 2004. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC
• "Cornel West y la política de conversión". Thomas Ward. Resistencia cultural: La nación en el ensayo de las Américas. Lima, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2004, págs. 344-348.
• Nishikawa, Kinohi. "Cornel West." The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Literature. Ed. Hans Ostrom and J. David Macey, Jr. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2005. 1714-18.

[edit] External links

• Faculty bio at Princeton Religion department
• Faculty bio at Princeton Center for African American Studies
• Interview with Cornel West from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum
• Cornel West at the Internet Movie Database
• Cornel West writes to Yum!Brands
• Cornel West speaks at the National Constitution Center, 9/12/05, 1 hr 45 min
• CSPAN Booknotes The Cornel West Reader, 2/22/00
• "Cornel West Gives Black Scholars a Bad Rap" By John McWhorter
• Whitman College, Guest Series May 1, 2004 - Cornel West mp3

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornel_West"

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