Biography

Leon Cooper was born in 1930 in New York where he attended Columbia University (A.B. 1951; A.M. 1953; Ph.D. 1954). He became a member of the Institute for Advanced Study (1954-55) after which he was a research associate of Illinois (1955-57) and later an assistant professor at the Ohio State University (1957-58). Professor Cooper joined Brown University in 1958 where he became Henry Ledyard Goddard University Professor (1966-74) and where he is presently the Thomas J. Watson, Sr. Professor of Science (1974-).

Professor Cooper is Director of Brown University's Center for Neural Science. This Center was founded in 1973 to study animal nervous systems and the human brain. Professor Cooper served as the first director with an interdisciplinary staff drawn from the Departments of Applied Mathematics, Biomedical Sciences, Linguistics and Physics. Today, Cooper, with members of the Brown Faculty, postdoctoral fellows and graduate students with interests in the neural and cognitive sciences, is working towards an understanding of memory and other brain functions, and thus formulating a scientific model of how the human mind works.

Professor Cooper has received many forms of recognition for his work in 1972, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics (with J. Bardeen and J.R. Schrieffer) for his studies on the theory of superconductivity completed while still in his 20s. In 1968, he was awarded the Comstock Prize (with J.R. Schrieffer) of the National Academy of Sciences. The Award of Excellence, Graduate Faculties Alumni of Columbia University and Descartes Medal, Academie de Paris, Université Rene Descartes were conferred on Professor Cooper in the mid 1970s. In 1985, Professor Cooper received the John Jay Award of Columbia College. He holds seven honorary doctorates.

Professor Cooper has been an NSF Postdoctoral Fellow, 1954-55, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow, 1959-66 and John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow, 1965-66. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society and American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Sponsor, Federation of American Scientists; member of American Philosophical Society, National Academy of Sciences, Society of Neuroscience, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Phi Beta Kappa, and Sigma Xi. Professor Cooper is also on the Governing Board and Executive Committee of the International Neural Network Society and a member of the Defense Science Board.

Professor Cooper is Co-founder and Co-chairman of Nestor, Inc., an industry leader in applying neural-network systems to commercial and military applications. Nestor's adaptive pattern-recognition and risk-assessment systems simulated in small conventional computers learn by example to accurately classify complex patterns such as targets in sonar, radar or imaging systems, to emulate human decisions in such applications as mortgage origination and to assess risks.

From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1971-1980, Editor Stig Lundqvist, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1992

This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.

Copyright © The Nobel Foundation 1972

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Neural Networks: Memory, Learning, Language Acquisition, Visual

Prior support: NSF, DOD, AEC, A.P. Sloan Foundation, J.S.

Present support: Army Research Office.

Fellow: American Physical Society, American Academy of Arts and

Member: American Philosophical Society, National Academy of Sciences,

Sponsor: Federation of American Scientists.

Wu, L., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper, Learning by Integrating Information Within and

Across Fixations, in Artificial Neural Networks – ICANN. 2006, Springer: Berlin. p. 488-

Wang, J., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper, Improving Nearest Neighbor Rule with a

Simple Adaptive Distance Measure, in Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Advances

in Natural Computation. 2006, Springer: Berlin. p. 43-46.

Wu, L., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper, Biologically Inspired Bayes Learning and its

Dependence on the Distribution of the Receptive Fields, in Lecture Notes in Computer

Science: Advances in Natural Computation. 2006, Springer: Berlin. p. 279-288.

Wang, J., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper. A Minimum Sphere Covering Approach to

Pattern Classification. in ICPR. 2006. Hong Kong.

Wu, L., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper. Biologically Inspired Hierarchical Model for

Feature Extraction and Localization. in ICPR. 2006. Hong Kong.

Wang, J., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper, A Statistical Confidence-Based Adaptive

Nearest Neighbor Algorithm for Pattern Classification, in Lecture Notes in Computer

Science: Advances in Machine Learning and Cybernetics, D.S. Yeung, Editor. 2006,

Wu, L., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper, Learning by Integrating Information Within and

Across Fixations, in Artificial Neural Networks – ICANN 2006. 2006, Springer: Berlin. p.

Wang, J., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper, Neighborhood size selection in the k-nearest

neighbor rule using statistical confidence. Pattern Recognition, 2006. 39(3): p. 417-423.

Neskovic, P. and L.N. Cooper, Visual Search for Object Features, in Lecture Notes in

Computer Science: Advances in Natural Computation, L. Wang, K. Chen, and Y.S. Ong,

Wang, J., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper, Training Data Selection for Support Vector

Machines, in Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Advances in Natural Computation, L.

Wang, J., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper, Pattern Classification via Single Spheres, in

Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Discovery Science, H. Hoffman, H. Motoda, and T.

Wang, J., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper, Locally Determining the Number of Neighbors

in the k-Nearest Neighbor Rule Based on Statistical Confidence, in Lecture Notes in

Computer Science: Advances in Natural Computation, L. Wang, K. Chen, and Y.S. Ong,

Remondini, D., et al., Targeting c-Myc-activated genes with a correlation method:

Detection of global changes in large gene expression network dynamics. Proc. Natl.

Acad. Sci. USA, 2005. 102(19): p. 6902.

Wang, J., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper. A Probabilistic Model For Cursive Handwriting

Recognition Using Spatial Context. in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,

Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) 2005. 2005. Philadelphia, PA.

Wang, J., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper. Pattern classification based on minimum

bounding spheres. in International Conference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC). 2005.

Britt, M., et al., On Sums Of Consecutive Integers. Quart. Appl. Math., 2005. 63(4): p.

Cooper, L.N., et al., Theory Of Cortical Plasticity. 2004, Singapore: World Scientific.

Wang, J., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper. Context-based Tracking of Object Features. in

International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) 2004. 2004: Springer.

Yeung, L.C., et al., Metaplasticity and the Unified Calcium Model Lead to Input

Selectivity in Spiking Neurons, in Computational neuroscience: trends in research 2004,

Wang, J., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper. Tracking Object Features Using Dynamically

Defined Spatial Context. in ECOVISION. 2004.

Yeung, L.C., et al., Synaptic homeostasis and input selectivity follow from a calciumdependent

plasticity model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2004. 101(41): p. 14943-14948.

Neretti, N., N. Intrator, and L.N. Cooper. Pulse-train based time-delay estimation

improves resiliency to noise. in Proceedings of the 2004 14th IEEE Signal Processing

Society Workshop. 2004.

Neretti, N., N. Intrator, and L.N. Cooper, Adaptive pulse optimization for improved sonar

range accuracy. Signal Processing Letters, IEEE, 2004. 11(4): p. 409-412.

Wang, J., P. Neskovic, and L.N. Cooper. Partitioning a feature space using locally

defined confidence measure. in Artificial neural networks and neural information

processing-ICANN/ICONIP 2003. 2003. Istanbul, Turkey: Springer.

Neskovic, P., D. Schuster, and L.N. Cooper, Biologically inspired recognition system for

car detection from real-time video streams, in Neural Information Processing: Research

and Development, J.C. Rajapakse and L. Wang, Editors. 2003, Springer: Berlin. p. 320-

Neskovic, P. and L.N. Cooper. Providing context for edge extraction in application to

detection of cars from video streams. in Engineering Applications of Neural Networks.

Yeung, L.C., et al., Calcium as the associative signal of Hebbian plasticity: application to

multi-input environments. Neurocomputing, 2003. 52-54: p. 437-440.

Shouval, H.Z., M.F. Bear, and L.N. Cooper, A unified model of NMDA receptordependent

bidirectional synaptic plasticity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002. 99(16): p.

Neskovic, P., L.N. Cooper, and D. Schuster. A recognition system that uses Saccades

to detect cars from real-time video streams. in Neural Information Processing, ICONIP.

Remondini, D., et al., Optimal spontaneous activity in neural network modeling.

Neurocomputing, 2002. 44-46: p. 591-595.

Shouval, H.Z., et al., Converging evidence for a simplified biophysical model of synaptic

plasticity. Biol. Cybern., 2002. 87(5): p. 383.

Neskovic, P. and L.N. Cooper, Using Contextual Information To Selectively Adjust

Preprocessing Parameters, in Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Bio-Inspired

Applications of Connectionism (IWANN), J. Mira and A. Prieto, Editors. 2001, Springer:

Neskovic, P. and L.N. Cooper. Object segmentation using an array of interconnected

neural networks with local receptive fields. in Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE/INNS

International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. 2001. Washington, DC: IEEE/INNS.

Neskovic, P. and L.N. Cooper. Recognition as a process – using saccades to segment

cursive script. in Fifth International Conference on Cognitive and Neural Systems. 2001.

Castellani, G.C., et al., A biophysical model of bidirectional synaptic plasticity:

Dependence on AMPA and NMDA receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2001. 98(22):

Neskovic, P., P.C. Davis, and L.N. Cooper. Interactive Parts Model: An application to

recognition of on-line cursive script. in Advances In Neural Information Processing

Systems (NIPS). 2000. Denver, CO: MIT Press.

Neskovic, P. and L.N. Cooper. Neural network based context driven recognition of online

cursive script. in Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Frontiers in

Handwriting Recognition. 2000. Amsterdam: International Unipen Foundation.

Shouval, H.Z., et al., Structured Long-Range Connections Can Provide a Scaffold for

Orientation Maps. J. Neurosci., 2000. 20(3): p. 1119-1128.

Lee, A.B., et al., Statistics of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) activity determine the

segregation of ON/OFF subfields for simple cells in visual cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.

USA, 2000. 97(23): p. 12875-12879.

Cooper, L.N., Memories and memory: A physicist’s approach to the brain. Int. J. Mod.

Phys. A, 2000. 15(26): p. 4069-4082.

Blais, B.S., L.N. Cooper, and H.Z. Shouval, Formation of Direction Selectivity in Natural

Scene Environments. Neural Comp., 2000. 12(5): p. 1057-1066.

Cooper, L.N., Memory, distributed, in Encyclopedia of Neuroscience 2nd enlarged and

revised edition, G.A.a.B.H. Smith, Editor. 1999, Elsevier: Amsterdam. p. 1131-1133.

Castellani, G.C., et al., Solutions of the BCM learning rule in a network of lateral

interacting nonlinear neurons. Network, 1999. 10(2): p. 111.

Blais, B.S., H.Z. Shouval, and L.N. Cooper, The role of presynaptic activity in monocular

deprivation: Comparison of homosynaptic and heterosynaptic mechanisms. Proc. Natl.

Acad. Sci. USA, 1999. 96(3): p. 1083-1087.

Intrator, N. and L.N. Cooper, BCM theory of visual cortical plasticity, in The handbook of

brain theory and neural networks. 1998, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA. p. 153-157.

Cooper, L.N., Scientific research: Who benefits? Who pays? Cerebrum, 1998: p. 30-37.

Blais, B.S., et al., Receptive field formation in natural scene environments: A

comparison of single-cell learning rules. Neural Comput., 1998. 10: p. 1797-1813.

Bear, M.F. and L.N. Cooper, From molecules to mental states. Daedalus, 1998. 127(2):

Artun, O.B., H.Z. Shouval, and L.N. Cooper, The effect of dynamic synapses on

spatiotemporal receptive fields in visual cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1998.

95(20): p. 11999-12003.

Huynh, Q., L.N. Cooper, and N. Intrator, Classification of underwater mammals using

feature extraction based on time-frequency analysis and BCM theory. IEEE-SP, 1998.

46(5): p. 1202-1207.

Shouval, H.Z., N. Intrator, and L.N. Cooper. Effect of binocular cortical misalignment on

networks of BCM and OJA neurons. in Proceedings of the annual conference on

Computational neuroscience: trends in research, 1997. 1997. Boston, MA: Plenum

Blais, B.S., H.Z. Shouval, and L.N. Cooper. Dynamics of synaptic plasticity: A

comparison between models and experimental results in visual cortex. in Computational

Neuroscience. 1997: Plenum.

Blais, B., et al. Receptive field formation in natural scene environment: comparison of

kurtosis, skewness, and the quadratic form of BCM. in Neural Information Processing.

Cooper, L.N., "Shall we deconstruct science?" from Discussion: Psychology: From

Hysteria to the Therapeutic Society. Partisan Review, 1997. LXIV(2): p. 232-245.

Blais, B.S., H.Z. Shouval, and L.N. Cooper. The role of noise in visual deprivation: A

comparison between models and experimental results in visual cortex. in Society For

Neuroscience. 1997.

Shouval, H.Z., N. Intrator, and L.N. Cooper, BCM network develops orientation

selectivity and ocular dominance in natural scene environment. Vision Res., 1997.

37(23): p. 3339-3342.

Blais, B., H.Z. Shouval, and L.N. Cooper. Dynamics of synaptic plasticity: A comparison

between models and experimental results in visual cortex. in The Neurobiology of

Computation: Proceedings of the fifth annual CNS conference. 1996. Cambridge, MA:

Huynh, Q., et al. Classification of underwater mammals using feature extraction based

on time-frequency analysis and BCM theory. in Proceedings of the IEEE-SP

International Symposium on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis. 1996. Paris,

Wiig, K.A., L.N. Cooper, and M.F. Bear, Temporally Graded Retrograde Amnesia

Rat. Learn. Mem., 1996. 3(4): p. 313-325.

Shouval, H.Z. and L.N. Cooper, Organization of receptive fields in networks with

Biol. Cybern., 1996. 73: p. 439-447.

Shouval, H.Z., N. Intrator, and L.N. Cooper, Ocular dominance and orientation

selectivity in networks of BCM neurons trained in natural environment, in Society for

Neuroscience. 1996: Washington, DC.

Shouval, H.Z., et al., Effect of binocular cortical misalignment on ocular dominance and

orientation selectivity. Neural Comp., 1996. 8: p. 1021-1040.

Perrone, M.P. and L.N. Cooper, The Ni1000: High speed parallel VLSI for implementing

multilayer perceptrons, in How we learn, how we remember: toward an understanding of

brain and neural systems: selected papers of Leon N Cooper. 1995, World Scientific:

Cooper, L.N., Thought and mental experience: The Turing test, in How We Learn: How

We Remember: Toward An Understanding of Brain and Neural Systems. 1995, World

Cooper, L.N., How we learn, how we remember: toward an understanding of brain and

neural systems: selected papers of Leon N Cooper. World scientific series in 20th

Shouval, H.Z. and L.N. Cooper, LTP, LDP, and cortical receptive fields: What do they

tell us about synaptic modification? in Current Issues in LTP and LTD, J. Davis and M.

Intrator, N. and L.N. Cooper, Information theory and visual plasticity, in The Handbook

of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, M. Arbib, Editor. 1995, MIT Press: Cambridge,

Perrone, M.P. and L.N. Cooper, Coulomb potential learning, in The Handbook of Brain

Theory and Neural Networks, M. Arbib, Editor. 1995, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA. p.

Intrator, N. and L.N. Cooper, BCM theory of visual cortical plasticity, in The Handbook of

Brain Theory and Neural Networks, M. Arbib, Editor. 1995, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.

Cooper, L.N., From gravity to light to consciousness: Does science have limits? in

University of Bologna 900th Anniversary Lecture. 1995: Bologna, Italy.

Law, C.C., M.F. Bear, and L.N. Cooper. Role of visual environment in the formation of

receptive fields according to the BCM theory. in The self-organizing brain: from growth

(The Netherlands) from 23 to 27 August 1993. 1994. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Seebach, B.S., et al., A Model of Prenatal Acquisition of Speech Parameters. Proc.

Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1994. 91(16): p. 7473-7476.

Law, C.C. and L.N. Cooper, Formation of Receptive Fields in Realistic Visual

Environments According to the Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM) Theory. Proc.

Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1994. 91(16): p. 7797-7801.

Shouval, H., et al., Effect of eye misalignment on receptive field formation in realistic

visual environment, in Society for Neuroscience. 1994.

Perrone, M.P. and L.N. Cooper, The cityblock dot product: Approximate MLP for VLSI,

in Advances Neural Information Processing Systems, M. Kaufmann, Editor. 1994.

Intrator, N., et al., Theory of synaptic plasticity in visual cortex, in Synaptic Plasticity:

Molecular, Cellular and Functional Aspects, M. Baudry, R. Thompson, and J. Davis,

Perrone, M.P. and L.N. Cooper, When networks disagree: Ensemble methods for hybrid

neural networks, in Neural Networks for Speech and Image Processing, R.J.

Cooper, L.N., Mind as machine: Will we rubbish human experience? Neural Networks

Perrone, M.P. and L.N. Cooper, Learning from what’s been learned: Supervised

learning in multi-neural network systems. Proceedings of the World Congress on

Law, C.C. and L.N. Cooper, A BCM neuron trained with natural images. Proceedings of

Cooper, L.N., Physics: Structure and Meaning. New ed. 1992, Hanover, N.H.: University

Intrator, N. and L.N. Cooper, Objective function formulation of the BCM theory of visual

cortical plasticity: Statistical connections, stability conditions. Neural Networks, 1992. 5:

Cooper, L.N., A message for SAY international. 1992.

Cooper, L.N., Brain and information research, in Encyclopedia of Computer Science

and Technology, A. Kent and J. Williams, Editors. 1991, Marcel Dekker: New York. p.

Cooper, L.N., Hybrid neural network architectures: Equilibrium systems that pay

attention, in Neural Networks: Theory and Applications, R.J. Mammone and Y. Zeevi,

Cooper, L.N., Visual cortex: Window on the biological basis of learning and memory.

Clothiaux, E.E., M.F. Bear, and L.N. Cooper, Synaptic plasticity in visual cortex:

comparison of theory with experiment. J. Neurophysiol., 1991. 66(5): p. 1785-1804.

Cooper, L.N., Scientific fraud. George Street Journal, 1991. 16(15): p. 8.

Cooper, L.N., Forward in “Neural networks: concepts, applications and implementations,

in Neural Networks: Concepts, Applications and Implementations, P. Antognette and V.

Cooper, L.N., et al., Neural networks: Test tubes to theorems, in Brain organization and

memory: cells, systems, and circuits, J.L. McGaugh, N.M. Weinberger, and G. Lynch,

Bear, M.F. and L.N. Cooper, Molecular mechanism for synaptic modification in the

visual cortex: Interaction between theory and experiment, in Neuroscience and

Connectionist Theory, M.A. Gluck and D.E. Rumelhart, Editors. 1990, Erlbaum

Reilly, D.L. and L.N. Cooper, An overview of neural networks: Early models to real world

systems, in An Introduction to Neural and Electronic Networks, S.F. Zornetzer, J.L.

Cooper, L.N., The key to the cathedral. Brown Alumni Monthly, 1990. 90(9): p. 64.

Cooper, L.N., The key to the cathedral. Brown University Faculty Bulletin, 1990. 2: p. 6.

Bear, M.F., L.N. Cooper, and F.F. Ebner, Synaptic modification model of memory and

learning, in Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, Supplement One, B. Inkhauser, Editor.

Bear, M.F., L.N. Cooper, and F.F. Ebner, The physiological basis of a theory for

synaptic modification, in Molecules to Models: Advances in Neuroscience, K. Kelner

Cooper, L.N., Japanese-American relations: Moving toward the twenty-first century.

Cooper, L.N., First Word. Omni magazine, 1989. 11(6).

Cooper, L.N., Local and global factors in learning, in Brain Structure, Learning and

Memory, J.L. Davis, R.W. Newburgh, and E.J. Wegman, Editors. 1988, Westview

Bear, M.F., L.N. Cooper, and F.F. Ebner, Synaptic modification model of memory and

learning, in Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, Supplement One. 1988, Elsevier:

Cooper, L.N., Some recent developments in the theory of neural networks, in Computer

Simulation in Brain Science, R. Cotterill, Editor. 1988, Cambridge U. Press: Cambridge,

Intrator, N., G.P. DeoCampo, and L.N. Cooper, Analysis of immune system retrovirus

equations, in Theoretical Immunology, Part Two, A.S. Perelson, Editor. 1988, Addison-

Cooper, L.N. and C.L. Scofield, Mean-Field Theory of a Neural Network. Proc. Natl.

Acad. Sci. USA, 1988. 85(6): p. 1973-1977.

Cooper, L.N., Learning more about learning and the brain. D. Cone and D. Galamaga,

Reilly, D.L., et al., Gensep: a multiple neural network with modifiable network topology.

Clothiaux, E., M.F. Bear, and L.N. Cooper, Experience-dependent synaptic modification

in the visual cortex studies using a neural network model. Society for Neuroscience,

Cooper, L.N., Cortical plasticity: Theoretical analysis, experimental results, in Plasticity,

Bachmann, C.M., et al., A Relaxation Model for Memory with High Storage Density.

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1987. 84(21): p. 7529-7531.

Bear, M.F., L.N. Cooper, and F.F. Ebner, A physiological basis for a theory of synapse

modification. Science, 1987. 237(4810): p. 42-48.

Scofield, C.L., et al., Pattern class degeneracy in an unrestricted storage density

memory. American Institute of Physics, New York, 1987.

Cooper, L.N., Origins of the theory of superconductivity. IEEE Transactions on

Magnetics, 1987. 23(2): p. 376-379.

Cooper, L.N., Origins of the microscopic theory of superconductivity. H. Kammerlingh

Cooper, L.N., Future of brain and information research. Naval Research Reviews, 1987.

39(3): p. 4-13.

Cooper, L.N., Modern science and contemporary discomfort: Metaphor and reality, in

The Rights of Memory: Essays on History, Science and American Culture, T. Littleton,

Cooper, L.N., Memory, distributed, in Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, G. Adelman,

Cooper, L.N., Theory of an Immune System Retrovirus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,

1986. 83(23): p. 9159-9163.

Cooper, L.N., Observations on art and science. Daedalus, 1986. 115(3): p. 177-181.

Cooper, L.N., Neuron learning to brain organization. Cell Biophys., 1986. 9: p. 103-144.

Cooper, L.N., P. Munro, and C. Scofield, Neuron selectivity: Single neuron and neuron

networks, in Synaptic Modification, Neural Selectivity, and Nervous System

Organization, W. Levy, J. Anderson, and S. Lehmkuhle, Editors. 1985, L. Erlbaum

Cooper, L.N., A model for the development of neuron in visual cortex, in Models of the

Visual Cortex, D. Rose and V.G. Dobson, Editors. 1985, John Wiley & Sons: New York.

Cooper, L.N., James Clerk Maxwell, A Biography. Am. J. Phys., 1985. 53(10): p. 1021.

Scofield, C.L. and L.N. Cooper, Development and properties of neural networks.

Contemp. Phys., 1985. 26(2): p. 125-145.

Cooper, L.N., Source and Limits of Human Intellect. Leonardo, 1984. 17(1): p. 40.

Cooper, L.N., Neuron learning to network organization, in J.C. Maxwell, the

Sesquicentennial Symposium, M.S. Berger, Editor. 1984, Elsevier: Amsterdam. p. 41-

Cooper, L.N., Visible and invisible in physical theory. Foundations of Physics, 1983.

13(2): p. 247-251.

Cooper, L.N., Faith and science, in Symposium for the 350th Anniversary of the

publication of Gallilei's Dialogue on Two Systems of the World. 1983: Rome, Italy.

Bienenstock, E.L., L.N. Cooper, and P.W. Munro, Theory for the development of neuron

selectivity: orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex. J. Neurosci.,

1982. 2(1): p. 32-48.

Munro, P., C. Scofield, and L.N. Cooper, A theoretical framework encompassing

cortex, in Society for Neuroscience. 1982.

Reilly, D.L., L.N. Cooper, and C. Elbaum, A neural model for category learning. Biol.

Cybern., 1982. 45(1): p. 35.

Berkcan, E. and L.N. Cooper, Bethe Ansatz Connection between one-dimensional

models and their classification, in Physics of One Dimensional Systems. 1981,

Cooper, L.N. Distributed Memory in the central nervous system: Possible test of

assumptions in visual cortex. in Neuroscience Research Program Colloquium. 1981.

Imbert, M. and L.N. Cooper, Visual Cortex: Where Theory Meets Experiment in the

Central Nervous System. The Sciences, 1981. 10(13): p. 28-29.

Cooper, L.N. and M. Imbert, Seat of memory. The Sciences, 1981: p. 10-13,28-29.

Berkcan, E. and L.N. Cooper, Mohanty, U., The bethe ansatz, periodic boundary

conditions and relations between various models. Phys. Lett., 1981. 81A(2,3): p. 172-

Cooper, L.N., Source and limits of human intellect. Daedalus, 1980. 109(2): p. 1-17.

Cooper, L.N., Physics and physical ideas, in The 2nd B.W. Lee Memorial Lectures on

Physics. 1980: Seoul, Korea.

Cooper, L.N., F. Liberman, and E. Oja, A theory for the acquisition and loss of neuron

specificity in visual cortex. Biol. Cybern., 1979. 33(1): p. 9.

Cooper, L.N., Can science serve mankind? in Science in the Service of Mankind. 1979:

Anderson, J.A. and L.N. Cooper, Biological organization of memory, in Encyclopaedia

Universalis. 1978, Pluriscience France: Paris. p. 168-175.

Berkcan, E., L.N. Cooper, and B. Stölan, Variational solution of the one-dimensional

backward-scattering model with generalized coupling constant. Phys. Rev. B, 1978.

17(9): p. 3624.

Berkcan, E. and L.N. Cooper, One-dimensional systems: From metallic conductors to

quantum fields. Journal of Less-Common Metals, 1978. 62: p. 349-359.

Cooper, L.N., Fermion systems in different dimensions, in New Phenomena in Sub-

Nuclear Physics, Pt. B, A. Zichichi, Editor. 1977, Plenum Publishing: New York.

Cooper, L.N., Comments on “The Brain-Mind Problem as a Frontier of Science” by J.

C. Eccles, in The Future of Science (1975 Nobel conference), T.C.L. Robinson, Editor.

Cooper, L.N., The role of values in scientific inquiry. The Weekly Bulletin of Brown

University, 1977. 2(14): p. 4-5, 9.

Cooper, L.N., Do values play a role in science? Brown Alumni Monthly, 1977. 77(8): p.

Cooper, L.N., Science and the human experience (Mephistopheles is alive and well

living in the space age), in The Third Tykociner Memorial Lecture. 1976: U. of Illinois.

Cooper, L.N., How possible becomes actual in the quantum theory. Proceedings of the

American Philosophical Society, 1976. 120(1): p. 37-45.

Nass, M. and L.N. Cooper, A theory for the development of feature detecting cells in

visual cortex. Biol. Cybern., 1975. 19(1): p. 1.

Cooper, L.N., A theory for the acquisition of animal memory, in Lectures of the

International School for Subnuclear Physics. 1974.

Cooper, L.N., Microscopic quantum interference in the theory of superconductivity.

Czechoslovak Journal of Physics, 1974. 24(Sec. A): p. 313-333.

Cooper, L.N., A possible organization of animal memory and learning, in Nobel

Symposium on Collective Properties of Physical Systems. 1973, The Nobel Foundation:

Cooper, L.N., Wavefunction and observer in the quantum theory, in The Physicist’s

Concept of Nature, J. Mehra, Editor. 1973, Reidel Publishing Company: Dordrecht,

Cooper, L.N., Microscopic quantum interference in the theory of superconductivity.

Science, 1973. 181: p. 908-916.

Cooper, L.N., Microscopic quantum interference in the theory of superconductivity.

Physics Today, 1973. 26(7): p. 31-39.

Cooper, L.N., Microscopic quantum interference effects in the theory of

superconductivity, in Les Prix Nobel. 1972, The Nobel Foundation: Sweden.

Anderson, J., et al., Some properties of a neural model for memory, in AAAS

Symposium. 1972: Washington, DC.

Cooper, L.N., The ethereal aether. Sky and Telescope, 1972. 44(3): p. 186-187.

Stölan, B. and L.N. Cooper, Cycle analysis of diagrams generated by hamiltonians with

the BCS topology. Nuovo Cimento, 1972. 10B(11): p. 291-324.

Cooper, L.N. and S. Hu, Density of electron levels for small particles, in Electronic

density of states. Based on invited and contributed papers and discussion, L.H. Bennett,

Cooper, L.N. and B. Stölan, Origin of the Pairing Interaction in the Theory of

Superconductivity. Phys. Rev. B, 1971. 4(3): p. 863.

Cooper, L.N., The rayleigh-jeans law is compatible with classical electrodynamics.

Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, 1971. 2: p. 36.

Cooper, L.N., The humble cathedral. Physics Today, 1971. 24: p. 62.

Cooper, L.N., An introduction to the meaning and structure of physics, Short Edition.

Cooper, L.N. and D. Van Vechten, On the Interpretation of Measurement within the

Quantum Theory. Am. J. Phys., 1969. 37(12): p. 1212.

Cooper, L.N., Something deeply hidden (advertisement), in New York Times. 1969:

Cooper, L.N., An introduction to the meaning and structure of physics. 1968, New York:

Cooper, L.N., On the pairing interaction in the theory of superconductivity, in Cargèse

lectures in physics. 1967, Gordon and Breach: New York.

Silvert, W. and L.N. Cooper, Theory of Nonhomogeneous Superconductors. Phys. Rev.,

1966. 141(1): p. 336.

Cooper, L.N., A. Houghton, and H.J. Lee, Attenuation of Longitudinal Acoustic Waves in

Type-II Superconductors. Phys. Rev., 1966. 148(1): p. 198.

Stölan, B. and L.N. Cooper, Approximation Methods in Many-Body Perturbation Theory.

Phys. Rev., 1966. 143(1): p. 209.

Cooper, L.N., Superconductors: superconducting and otherwise, in Recent

Developments in Particle Symmetries. 1966, Academic Press: New York.

Cooper, L.N., The science journalist and the scientist, in UNESCO Conference

Journalisme. 1966: London, England.

Schwartz, B.B. and L.N. Cooper, Flux Quantization and Generalized Pairing in

Superconducting Cylinders. Phys. Rev., 1965. 137(3A): p. A829.

Cooper, L.N., A. Houghton, and H.J. Lee, Acoustic Attenuation in a Type-II

Superconductor. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1965. 15(14): p. 584.

Schwartz, B.B. and L.N. Cooper, Does Superconductivity Imply Flux Quantization? Rev.

Mod. Phys., 1964. 36(1): p. 280.

Cooper, L.N., Coherent states in a degenerate electron gas, in The many-body problem,

Cooper, L.N., Theory of the Knight Shift in Superconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1962.

8(9): p. 367.

Cooper, L.N., Some elementary theoretical considerations concerning

superconductivity of superimposed metallic films. IBM Journal of Research and

Development, 1962. 6(1): p. 75-76.

Cooper, L.N., Theory of Strongly Coupled Many-Fermion Systems. I. Convergence of

Linked-Cluster Expansions. Phys. Rev., 1961. 122(4): p. 1021.

Cooper, L.N., Superconductivity in the Neighborhood of Metallic Contacts. Phys. Rev.

Lett., 1961. 6(12): p. 689.

Cooper, L.N., Lectures on the theory of superconductivity, in International School of

Physics. 1961: Bergen, Norway.

Cooper, L.N., Current flow in thin superconducting films, in Seventh International

Conference on Low-Temperature Physics. 1961: Toronto, Canada.

Cooper, L.N., Theory of Superconductivity. Am. J. Phys., 1960. 28(2): p. 91.

Cooper, L.N., Specific Heat Measurements and the Energy Gap in Superconductors.

Phys. Rev. Lett., 1959. 3(1): p. 17.

Cooper, L.N., R.L. Mills, and A.M. Sessler, Possible Superfluidity of a System of

Strongly Interacting Fermions. Phys. Rev., 1959. 114(6): p. 1377.

Cooper, L.N., Theory of Superconductivity, in Brandeis University Summer Institute in

Theoretical Physics. 1959: Boston, MA.

Cooper, L.N., Similarity laws in the theory of superconductivity, in Superconductivity

Conference. 1959: Cambridge, England.

Bardeen, J., L.N. Cooper, and J.R. Schrieffer, Theory of Superconductivity. Phys. Rev.,

1957. 108(5): p. 1175.

Bardeen, J., L.N. Cooper, and J.R. Schrieffer, Microscopic Theory of Superconductivity.

Phys. Rev., 1957. 106(1): p. 162.

Cooper, L.N., Bound Electron Pairs in a Degenerate Fermi Gas. Phys. Rev., 1956.

104(4): p. 1189.

Cooper, L.N., The nuclear radius. Nuovo Cimento Supplemento, 1956. 4(10): p. 1125-

Cooper, L.N., Mu-mesonic atoms. Nuovo Cimento Supplemento, 1956. 4(10): p. 1271-

Cooper, L.N. and J. Rainwater, Theory of Multiple Coulomb Scattering from Extended

Nuclei. Phys. Rev., 1955. 97(2): p. 492.

Cooper, L.N., Some Notes on Nonrenormalizable Field Theory. Phys. Rev., 1955.

100(1): p. 362.

Cooper, L.N. and W. Tobocman, Deuteron Stripping and the Problem of Nuclear Radii.

Phys. Rev., 1955. 97(1): p. 243.

Cooper, L.N. and J. Rainwater, Theory of Multiple Coulomb Scattering from Extended

Nuclei. Phys. Rev., 1954. 95(4): p. 1107.

Cooper, L.N. and E.M. Henley, Mu-Mesonic Atoms and the Electromagnetic Radius of

the Nucleus. Phys. Rev., 1953. 92(3): p. 801.

Richard Fishman) Spring 2006. Images and objects that come from nature and

Kenneth Miller) Spring 2004 and 2005. Scientists and scientific ideas have had

reading from Trumpery, a new play by Peter Parnell.

Eustis, and Abbot Gleason) Spring 2001, Spring 2002. In 1941, the physicist in

Semester 2000. This course introduces Newtonian and quantum physics as

Konstan, Spring Semester, 1999. The dominant model of knowing today is

Physics 10 Experience and Explanation – Dialogues Among the Disciplines:

Advanced Quantum Mechanics (Physics 207): Relativistic wave equations,

Current Issues in Neural Science (Physics 261-262): Various topics of current

Physics 1: The aim of the course is to introduce students, whose primary interest

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